Seabased Measures in Baltic Sea Nutrient Management

The project will reduce nutrients from the Baltic Sea and improve water quality especially in the coastal areas by piloting and developing seabased activities. Although nutrient load from land-based sources to the sea has reduced significantly, good ecological status has not been reached partly due to large amount of internal loading from the bottom sediments. Moreover, fulfilling the nutrient reductions agreed in the HELCOM BSAP seems challenging for many countries such as Sweden and Finland.
Therefore, both Finnish and Swedish governments have decided to include seabased measures in their Baltic Sea protection policy (MSFD and governmental programs). As local authorities are currently also lacking effective means to improve water quality in coastal and semi-enclosed sea areas where the traditional land-based measures are not sufficient, there is a growing demand for applying seabased measures. As an added benefit, some of these measures enable nutrient recycling and circular economy.
Scientists have proposed various seabased measures for the Baltic Sea. However, comprehensive information with regards impacts, costs, risks, applicability and financing of the different measures is currently lacking. The project will pilot several promising measures, such as 1) recycling nutrients from bottom sediments or nutrient-rich bottom waters for further use on land, 2) recycling nutrients on land in the form of stickleback fish, 3) applying various nutrient binding materials to sediments.
The project will also produce a concept of Marine Habitat Bank for local water quality improvement and ecosystem restoration measures; and Practical Guidelines on Seabased measures in the Baltic Sea. Moreover, the project aims at facilitating an open, multi-disciplinary and cross-sector dialogue on benefits and risks of seabased measures and their applicability in Baltic Sea context.R2.4. The amounts of nutrients, hazardous substances and toxins inflows into the Baltic SeaThe main results of the Project will be:
1) Guidelines on seabased measures to act as a practical “handbook” for authorities and policymakers in assessing, selecting and discussing the possibilities of applying sea-based measures in water protection policy in the BSR. Assessment of the feasibility of identified seabased measures for removing nutrients from the Baltic Sea from the point of view of their environmental, financial and social sustainability will be included. In addition, Plans for commercialization and financing of seabased measures will be included, to enable proceeding from project based approach into sustainable long-term financing scheme.
2) A sustainable concept for verified measures which remove nutrients, improve coastal water quality and restore coastal ecosystems to enable ecological compensations in marine environment. The concept can have a multitude of application areas within the Baltic Sea revival in the future.
3) Cross-sectoral discussion on the seabased measures within and between countries for integrating the measures into environmental policies.
4) Concrete removal of approx. 10 t phosphorus (P) from marine environment by 2 sediment removal and 2 nutrient rich water removal pilots. A future potential of several hundred tons of P are targeted with further implementation of the piloted measures.
5) Pilot area restoration to achieve better ecological condition by marl application at 3 pilot sites and harvesting dense population of stickleback fish in two coastal bays. Both of the measures can potentially be utilized further as verified measures for ecosystem based compensations.
The project links to the result indicator by:
1) Implementing 10 pilots, which reduce up to 10 t P and/or restore pilot areas towards better environmental status.
2) Introducing a concept for implementing effective sea-based nutrient reduction measures in the future.
3) Providing guidelines for including sea-based measures in Baltic Sea protection policy.